Hi Aaron,
back in the old days there wasn't electro plating
, so the way to go was fire gilt - an extremely
toxic (due to the amalgan mercury nature) process, but with an extremely nice, silky matte fine gold surface.
Later a brushed (chemical) silver plating underneath the gold plating was used to create the grained frosted finish.
Today many ways are used to mimic the old frosted finish, mainly mechanical treatemens lke bead blasting or brushing with
modified rotating steel brushes.....
During 19th. century frosted gold finish was almost universal and I'd guess widely prefered finish at least in Europe.
Glashütte makers for example offered Geneva stripes/rhodium or nickel plated finish for export (especially USA) for example
(which is remarkably funny, considered the todays "typical german finish with german silver plates/bridges - historically quite wrong, but
modern marketingwise extremely successfull).
I believe those "white", damascened or striped movement finishes were especially thought after in the US I believe.
Best regards
Suitbert