Hi Dynamic Turtle,
It's something of a misconception to think that chronographs use more power when they're on, and you can prove it to yourself experimentally with a simple test. Run a watch with the chronograph on until the watch stops. Then turn the chronograph off and the watch will start up and continue to run for several more hours. The power has not gone anywhere, it's just that the additional friction in the chronograph train has raised the minimum power requirements to keep the watch running.
The main source of friction in a chronograph mechanism is the friction spring that smooths out the running of the sweep second hand. In most cases this will reduce the running amplitude by somewhere between 15 and 30 degrees at full wind and the power reserve by 5 to 7 hours or so (let's say roughly 10 percent of the power reserve). This is of course NOT the case where some vertical clutch chronograph designs are concerned and a source of great pride for some Blancpain enthusiasts, but that is another discussion entirely. 
_john